Therefore, testing methods have been developed to provide the information required of the test object without rendering it unfit for service. Standard practice for contact ultrasonic testing of welds. Practices for special geometries such as fillet welds and spot welds are not included. Guidebook for the fabrication of nondestructive testing. Standard practice for contact ultrasonic testing of weldments. Ultrasonic testing technology is based on the ability of highfrequency oscillations about 20,000 hz to propagate into the metal and be reflected from surface scratches, voids, and other discontinuities. Ultrasonic testing ut should not be specified for fillet welds. The ongoing work presented in this report encompasses.
Testing engineers, incorporated tei is an employeeowned, top 500 engineering firm that specializes in special inspection, materials testing, consulting engineering and ndt assessments. Introductory fatigue tests on welded joints in high. Today at work there was a huge fuck up not by me in case you were wondering. Phased array ultrasonic testing, plastic pipe inspection, butt fusion joints 1. In ultrasonic welding, high frequency vibrations are combined with pressure to join two materials together quickly and securely. The document gives guidance to managers and ndt engineers on the general types of automated ultrasonic ndt equipment and procedures currently in use for. Real time nondestructive testing methods of welding. Find the position, where the flaw signal will show its maximum. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Paussu, fortum nuclear services, finland abstract copper will be used for nuclear fuel disposal canisters. Guidebook for the fabrication of nondestructive testing ndt. Guidelines for automated ultrasonic inspection austenitic welds. Fillet welds testing is difficult and inaccurate due to the problem of the precise description of the fusion line. Automated ultrasonic testing aut is a nondestructive testing method utilizing the advantages of conventional ultrasonic techniques in an automated process with computerized data acquisition and data storage.
Ut of partial penetration welds american welding society. Phased array ultrasonic testing of welded joints in. Trade name of ultrasonic testing instrument is krautkramer usn52 ultrasonic testing instrument shall be equipped with. We the above signed, certify the statements in this record are correct and the welds were prepared and tested in accordance with. Naval ordnance laboratory under department of the navy naval ship engineering center project no. Top 7 mistakes newbies make going solar avoid these for effective power harvesting from the sun duration. Design, fabrication and inspection of welded joints rules and. Fatigue strengthening of welds in light rail structures. Sf 35422306 task 02022 this documenthazbeen approvedfoy public releaseand sale. Correct prescription of metallurgical requirements and sound practical application is a prerequisite for successful fusion welds. This practice is based on experience with ferrous and aluminum alloys. In some instances the ut may be used to determine if the required weld size is present, but someone needs to check to see if ndt other than vt is required by the contract. Ultrasonic testing instrument shall be calibrated for the examination and shall be capable of meeting the requirements of screen height linearity and amplitude control linearity in paragraph 5. The transducer is moved zigzag along the seam and at the same time trying to turn around its axis at 1015 degrees.
A guide for ultrasonic testing and evaluation of meld flaws by r. Testing of welds in austenitic steels and nickelbased alloys. Tei has provided professional services and proven technical competence at a minimal cost. Testing level d can only be used when defined by specification. Dissimilar metal welds dmw made of nickel based alloys are widely present in some nuclear power plants at the intersection between the main pipe lines and large components such as the pressure vessel, steam generators and pressurizers. A distinct advantage of aut is the creation of baseline inspections with a database and hard copy scan images for reporting and. Single rail flaw detector is capable of testing only one of the rails at a time for. Radiographic testing rt this method of weld testing makes use of xrays, produced by an xray tube, or gamma rays, produced by a radioactive isotope. Introductory fatigue tests on welded joints in high strength. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic stainless steel welds.
Partial joint penetration groove welds are not usually subject to testing with ut. Ultrasonic testing is not appropriate for fillet welds. Ultrasonic wave propagation in dissimilar metal welds. In view of the above, the available test data for transverse load carrying fillet welds subjected to tensile loading have been reanalysed and the results. Unesco eolss sample chapters materials science and engineering vol. Nondestructive testing of pjp groove welds is ultrasonic testing effective for partial joint penetration pjp groove welds. Qualified welding positions in actual welding works.
Introductory fatigue tests on welded joints in high strength steel and aluminium improved by various methods including ultrasonic impact treatment uit. Mar 01, 2014 defect in weld found with ultrasonic testing, equipment list used and defect location drawn on sketch. In general there is no limitation for ultrasonically testing of fillet welds by normal and angle transducers if you can position the probe on desired surfaces and those are accessible, but the issue is which kind of defect you are looking for and where you are expect them. Understanding of weld design, weld joints and welding symbols. Differentiation of longitudinal fillet weld discontinuities is indicated. Modern steel construction steel questions or comments to. It is well known that the ultrasonic inspection of various fillet welds is performed in the industry successfully since almost 60 years ago and it would be very useful to learn the fundamentals prior to going to the field. Direct digital display of depth and distance of flaws. Sarkimo, vtt technical research centre of finland, finland r. Also, there is no australian standard that specifies how to perform ut on a fillet weld.
Generally ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing applies to butt welds and penetrant testing or magnetic particle inspection applies to fillet welds. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic stainless steel welds false indications and the cause of their occurence h. When applied to metals the paut image shows a slice view that may reveal defects hidden inside. If the fillet welds has been used in a construction that is to be inspected, the inspection should be conducted by the operators with agreat experience in. Ultrasonic testing services lbniw ndt weld inspection experts. The welds of the steel specimens were of normal quality for this type of weld, with a. Ultrasonic testing of austenitic stainless steel welds false. I read somewhere recently that ultrasonic testing utis not appropriate for fillet welds, but didnt get a further explanation as to why. Ndt tech was lee grears director of responsive ltd.
The two most common types of welds are the fillet weld and the groove weld. Welding is a complex interaction of physical and chemical science ultrasonic testing of fillet welds pdf. Assessment of ultrasonic phased array testing for cast. Georgiou encyclopedia of life support systems eolss difficult to detect by conventional methods.
Ut still seems to be fairly common in the structural engineering industry. Ultrasonic testing of fillet weld in reply to rigzang tashi at 06. The copper canister consists of copper lid and copper tube. Method under a system comparison, several nondestructive testing methods on the market or in development were tested if they were able to detect defects in laser welding seams on plastic. These methods are referred to as nondestructive tests because they permit evaluation of. All thermite rail welds installed as part of the project shall be hand tested ultrasonically for defects or inclusions before track is placed into service. Isonic expert fillet software application was created for the inspection of fillet, tee, tky welds, and the like, with use of wedged linear array probes situated on the flange or web surface. The welded joints are one of the key elements which undergo precise diagnostic testing. Nondestructive testing ndt methods shall be selected in accordance with en 12062 by personnel qualified according to level 3 as defined in en 473. Alternative welding techniques, such as solid state bonding for example, friction stir welding and fusion welding for example, electron beam welding can be inspected using this practice provided adequate coverage and techniques are documented and approved. In most common ut applications, very short ultrasonic pulsewaves with center frequencies ranging from 0. The contract documents specify the ut testing of the groove welds, both pjp and cjp. The fillet weld was included by the engineer to maintain the effective throat of the weld at that joint. Displaying the testing results in ascan and bscan modes on the flaw detector screen.
Introductory fatigue tests on welded joints in high strength steel. The practice is intended to be used on thicknesses of 0. The basic principle of radiographic inspection of welds is the same as that for medical radiography. Ultrasonic welding technology was invented and patented in the early 1930s and was originally used for the solidstate welding of metals 41. Pdf real time nondestructive testing methods of welding. Base metal inspection although the presence of laminations in the base metal may not be a basis for rejection, these reflectors may mask a part of the weld from the ultrasonic beam, fig. Magnetic particle testing is specified for fillet and pjp welds in all but two categories. Kishigami a study has been made into the causes of the false indications sometimes observed upon ultrasonic inspection of austenitic stainless steel welds. A description of progress, recent developments and interim results are provided. Fillet welds should be separated from each other and from butt welds by a distance of at least. Ultrasonic welding can join dissimilar metals in a split second, ultrasonic welding eases problematic. The reason is, that there often appear very similar oscilloscopic pictures for the fillet welds in the case of occurrence or lack of welding imperfections. We had these heavy duty things that are supposed to go on construction cranes with full penetration multipass groove. If desired, magnetic particle testing mt should be used to test fillet welds.
At occurrence of stable flaw signal move the transducer again and again. Analysis of bonding strength of ultrasonic welding process vijay singh pal, pavan agrawal abstract. Pulse echo techniques for the rail head testing fig. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last. Mr r s sharpe is concerned with testing, measurement and control of welds and was one of the first working units to be set up when the iiw was established in 1948.
Advantages of flaw detectors purpose series of uds273mr, uds277 and ud371 flaw detectors is intended for ultrasonic testing of railway track and welded rail joints. The practice is limited to the examination of specific weld geometries in wrought or forged material. Transverse weld shrinkage in fillet welded teejoints. Phased array ultrasonic testing of welded joints in plastic pe pipes fredrik hagglund 1, malcolm a. Dec 08, 2016 top 7 mistakes newbies make going solar avoid these for effective power harvesting from the sun duration. Nondestructive testing of welds ultrasonic testing acceptance levels iso 11666. Were located throughout california and the western states. The defects and ndt methods discussed are summarized in tables for each. I have a pjp groove weld with a reinforcing fillet weld specified at a joint in the panel zone for a seismic connection. With their distinct features and capabilities, phased arrays require special setups and standardization, as addressed by this.
Literature surve on fatigue strenghts of loadcarrying fillet welded. Leg of fillet weld the distance from the root of the joint to the toe of the fillet weld. When applied to metals the paut image shows a slice view that may reveal defects hidden inside a structure or weld. Ultrasonic testing ut is a common test method used to evaluate complete joint penetration cjp groove welds because it can provide a full volumetric evaluation of the weldi. Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of longitudinal welded pipe and tubing1 this standard is issued under the. Ultrasonic testing services lbniw ndt weld inspection. Analysis of bonding strength of ultrasonic welding process. Nata does not provide accreditation for ultrasonic test on fillet welds. Kishigami a study has been made into the causes of the false indications sometimes observed upon ultrasonic inspection of.
Fillet welds, or tjoints, are widely used in different construction sectors, storage tanks, naval components, bridges, and more. Although, there is an international standard on ut on fws there are several restrictions to the test method. The probability of detection of longitudinal hot tear cracks is quantified. As 2207, an ultrasonic test method standard also does not cover fillet welds in any of the normative sections. Artificially created, directed diagnostic wave enters into the tested material and in the case of a defect. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing techniques ndt are used in order to maintain the integrity.
Ultrasonic testing ut is a family of nondestructive testing techniques based on the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the object or material tested. Distance from x is used in describing the location of weld discontinuity in a direction perpendicular to the weld reference line. Defect in weld found with ultrasonic testing, equipment list used and defect location drawn on sketch. Guidance on the selection of testing levels a, b, and c is given in annex a. En 10160, ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal or greater than 6 mm reflection method en 10307, nondestructive testing. Standard practice for ultrasonic examination of longitudinal. Prior to ultrasonic inspection, each weld will be ground to a. Iii nondestructive testing and evaluation of metals g.
It is also well suitable for the inspection of the pipe repair sleeve circumferential welds with the skewedfilletlike cross section. Bridge engineering 163 issue be3 fatigue strengthening of welds in light rail structures tilly et al. Field manual for structural welding state of michigan. Ultrasonic testing procedure inspection for industry. Metal cored arc welding an arc welding process with a tubular electrode. While some scan patterns emulate manual technology, other scans for example, sscans are unique to phased arrays. Normally the test in fillet welds is performed to detect lack of fusion penetration in the.
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